It can be difficult for parents to raise their children dealing with chronic health conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. Also known as juvenile diabetes or childhood-onset diabetes, it occurs when the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar. It requires a comprehensive approach involving a team of healthcare professionals to ensure effective management. We spoke to our expert Dr Suruchi Goyal Agarwal, Consultant- Paediatrics and Paediatric Endocrinology, Manipal Hospital, Varthur, who explained how to manage type 1 diabetes in children and the role of caretakers in it.
Managing Type 1 Diabetes In Children
Dr Agarwal said, “Diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin, so the treatment is insulin injected in the form of a pen device or a pump, depending on the form of diabetes. The dose of insulin is determined by various factors, such as blood sugar levels, carbohydrate content of the food, and exercise. It is important to monitor blood sugar levels regularly which can be done through finger prick glucometers or Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems.”
Understanding The Insulin-Carbohydrate Ratio
One essential concept in diabetes management is the insulin-carbohydrate ratio. It answers the question: "How many grams of carbohydrates require 1 unit of insulin?" This ratio provides flexibility in meal planning, dosing adjustments, and overall lifestyle improvement, leading to better time-in-range results.
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Role Of Healthy Lifestyle
Dr Agarwal emphasised, “For all children, including those with diabetes, maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle is crucial. Lifestyle management helps promote glucose control, cardiovascular disease prevention, and health maintenance. Regular exercise not only promotes physical well-being but also enhances insulin sensitivity.”
Dealing With Hypoglycemia (HYPOS)
Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia, is a major problem in the treatment of diabetes. Dr Agarwal said, “Initially, there might be a tendency to maintain higher blood sugar levels to avoid hypos, but most children eventually learn to recognise hypo symptoms. Hence, proper management is essential to prevent and address hypoglycemic events.”
According to the World Journal of Clinical Cases, children with type 1 diabetes and their families should get knowledge about insulin injection, insulin dose adjustment, food modification, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, prevention of and responses to hypoglycemia to ensure the children's normal growth and development.
Also Read: Are You Prediabetic: Expert Explains How Soon It Can Lead To Diabetes?
Managing Diabetes During Illness
When a child with type 1 diabetes falls ill, it's crucial to follow specific guidelines:
- Ensure the child never misses their long-acting insulin, with potential dosage adjustments.
- Increase the frequency of blood sugar checks, as illness may require additional correction doses (up to 30% more).
- Keep a close watch on ketone levels and adjust corrections accordingly.
- If the child cannot tolerate oral intake, consult the diabetologist for guidance.
Access to Support
Dr Agarwal concluded, “Parents should always remember that the diabetes care team is available to provide guidance and assistance throughout the journey of managing type 1 diabetes in their child. You should not hesitate to seek help whenever necessary.”
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by a registered healthcare professional and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult with your expert if your child faces any complications.]
