Did you know that diabetes can increase the chances of cataract development? Cataracts are a common eye condition characterised by the clouding of the lens, leading to blurred vision and, if left untreated, potential blindness. In the case of diabetes, the elevated blood sugar levels characteristic of the condition can affect the lens of the eye, leading to the formation of cataracts.
Dr Anita Bisht, Senior Consultant, Ophthalmology, Pristyn Care, explained the link between diabetes and cataract.
How Are Diabetes And Cataracts Connected?
Dr Bisht said that diabetes is closely linked to cataracts for various reasons. One of the key factors contributing to cataract development is the accelerated ageing of the eye's lens. Elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes can lead to the accumulation of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, in the lens. This accumulation causes the lens to draw in extra fluid, resulting in swelling and clouding, leading to cataract formation. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing cataracts compared to those without diabetes. The risk is directly proportional to the duration of diabetes and the level of blood sugar control.
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What Happens If You Are Diabetic
Dr Bisht added that diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. This oxidative stress can damage the proteins in the lens, contributing to the development of cataracts. In diabetes, excess glucose in the blood can bind to proteins in a process called glycation. This glycation can alter the structure and function of proteins in the lens, making them more susceptible to damage and leading to cataract formation.
When Does Cataract Form In Diabetics?
Cataracts tend to develop at an earlier age in people with diabetes compared to those without the condition. Also, cataracts in individuals with diabetes often progress more rapidly, leading to more significant visual impairment. Diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels throughout the body, including those supplying the eye. The compromised blood supply to the lens can affect its nourishment and contribute to the development of cataracts. Therefore, individuals with diabetes must undergo regular eye examinations to detect the presence of cataracts early on and ensure appropriate treatment.
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Preventive Measures
Several preventive measures and treatment options can help manage the development and progression of cataracts in individuals with diabetes. Firstly, maintaining optimal blood sugar control is crucial. By keeping blood glucose levels within a target range, individuals can minimise the risk of cataract formation. This can be achieved through a combination of medication, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan.
Protecting the eyes from Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can also play a role in preventing cataracts. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection when outdoors and using protective eyewear during activities that may expose the eyes to injury or trauma can help reduce the risk.
Bottomline
For individuals with diabetes, it is crucial to work closely with their healthcare team to manage blood sugar levels before and after surgery to ensure the best possible outcomes. If cataracts significantly affect vision and daily activities, cataract surgery must be performed without delay to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial lens implant.
Disclaimer
This article contains information provided by the expert, however, we advise you to consult your expert for a diagnosis based on your body type and medical history.
