#KhushKhabriWithIVF: Embryo transfer is one of the most crucial steps of IVF. Its successful implantation increases the chances of conception in the mother. This process can be done with both fresh as well as frozen embryos. But does this make a difference? We reached out to Dr Rashmi Sharma Director, HOD IVF Dept. at Origyn IVF Fertility to know the answer.
Fresh Vs Frozen Embryo Transfer: What is The Difference
Many IVF clinics prefer IVF without fresh embryo transfer and practise frozen-thawed embryo transfer only (freeze-all strategy). Let us understand the basic differences between the two.
Fresh Embryo Transfer
This procedure begins with stimulating the female ovaries by hormonal injections and the growth of the ovarian follicles is closely monitored. After that the female has to undergo an egg retrieval procedure in which the embryologist will fertilise her eggs with her partner's sperms or donor's sperms to create embryos. After fertilisation, these embryos would be transferred back into the female uterus (three to five days after retrieving the eggs).
Frozen Embryo Transfer
In this technique embryos that were created and cryopreserved in the previous IVF cycle are thawed and then transferred into the female uterus.
The choice between fresh embryo transfer and frozen embryo transfer depends on various factors, including the individual patient's medical history, treatment goals, and the recommendation of the fertility specialist. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and what may be considered "better" can vary from one patient to another.
Also Read: Do's and Don'ts After Embryo Transfer For Successful Pregnancy
Pros and Cons of Fresh Embryo Transfer (FET)
Advantages:
- Can be performed in the same cycle as the egg retrieval, potentially reducing the time to pregnancy.
- May result in a higher pregnancy rate compared to FET for some patients.
- Allows for the immediate transfer of embryos without the need for cryopreservation.
Disadvantages:
- Can be physically and emotionally demanding on the woman, as it requires ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs.
- Risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in some cases due to increased hormone levels.
- If the woman experiences OHSS or other complications, the cycle may need to be cancelled, leading to delays in treatment.
Pros and Cons of Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET):
Advantages:
- Females with thin endometrium or any other endometrial pathologies such as polyps or septa may require full evaluation of the endometrium before embryo transfer. FET allows for the same.
- Offers flexibility in timing, allowing for better synchronisation with the woman's natural menstrual cycle or a controlled cycle.
- May reduce the risk of OHSS since the woman does not undergo ovarian stimulation in the FET cycle.
Disadvantages:
- Requires cryopreservation of embryos, which incurs additional costs.
- Slightly lower success rates compared to fresh embryo transfers, although this gap has been narrowing in recent years with advances in freezing techniques (vitrification).
Conclusion
In summary, there is no definitive answer as to which method is universally better, as it depends on the individual's circumstances and preferences. For some patients, a fresh embryo transfer may be recommended to maximise the chances of success, especially if there are concerns about the embryo's viability after freezing. On the other hand, for patients at risk of OHSS or with concerns about the timing of the transfer, a frozen embryo transfer might be a more suitable option.
Fertility specialists consider various factors, including the woman's age, reproductive history, ovarian reserve, and specific fertility diagnosis, when deciding on the most appropriate approach for each patient. Ultimately, the goal is to maximise the chances of a successful pregnancy while minimising potential risks and complications. It is essential to discuss the options thoroughly with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your specific situation.
